Nigerian Civil War
The Biafran War (1967–1970), including causes, battles, leaders, international involvement, and post-war reconstruction in Nigeria.
When Britain Chose Sides, the Nigerian War Became Impossible to End
The change was not announced on a battlefield or declared in a capital. It was noticed on Nigerian roads, in towns swollen with displaced...
When Benin City Changed Hands Overnight and Learned How Fragile Power Could Be
The first sign was not gunfire or proclamations, but absence. In Benin City, familiar authority vanished without warning. Offices that had issued instructions the...
When War Forced Nigeria’s Young Air Force to Learn Combat Overnight
The transformation did not arrive with speeches or formal declarations. It crept into routine. Airfields that had once echoed with training drills and supply...
How the Nigerian Civil War Ended in 1970: The Quiet Surrender That Reshaped a Nation
The Nigerian Civil War, often called the Biafran War, ravaged the nation between 1967 and 1970. Its end was not a dramatic defeat on...
The River That Wasn’t Conquered and the Town That Paid the Price
In Asaba, the presence of soldiers was at first just another clatter on dusty streets. Residents knew war from voices on the radio and...
Two Men Trained for the Same Army Took Nigeria into Very Different War
The influence first appeared quietly. It could be seen in how orders moved down formal chains of command, in the language used during negotiations,...
When Peace Was Discussed Abroad and War Continued at Home
The first sign was not a ceasefire, but its absence. In towns and villages across eastern Nigeria, people listened to radio broadcasts that spoke...
When Livestock Vanished, Hunger Took Root in Eastern Nigeria
In many villages across Eastern Nigeria, the change was noticed before hunger reached the table. Morning compounds that had once stirred with familiar movements...
When Salt Vanished from the Pot, Hunger Took Control of the Body
The first warning did not arrive with gunfire or sirens. It arrived quietly, in kitchens across the Eastern Region, when cooking pots were lifted...
When Money Collapsed, an Entire Region Paid the Price
For many families in Eastern Nigeria, the civil war did not first announce itself through explosions or troop movements. It arrived quietly, at market...