Nigerian Civil War
The Biafran War (1967–1970), including causes, battles, leaders, international involvement, and post-war reconstruction in Nigeria.
The Igbo Pogroms of 1966
By 1966, Nigeria was already in serious trouble. Independence had not resolved the rivalry between the country’s powerful regions, and politics had become increasingly...
Aburi 1967, The Final Negotiation That Could Not Save Nigeria from Civil War
By the time Nigeria’s military leaders arrived in Aburi on 4 and 5 January 1967, the country had already passed through a year of...
Why Starvation Became the Most Enduring Symbol of the Biafra War
The Nigerian Civil War is remembered for secession, battlefield losses, and the struggle over the future of Nigeria, but in public memory one image...
The East Was There at Nigeria’s Founding, But the Crisis of 1966 Broke the Trust That Held the Union Together
The story of Nigeria’s independence is often retold through memory shaped by later events. Yet, in the years leading up to independence, the Eastern...
Before Aburi, Nigeria Was Already in Deep Crisis
The Aburi meeting of 4 and 5 January 1967 stands as one of the most important moments in Nigeria’s early post independence history. It...
Nigeria’s Hidden Crises: From Biafra to Yoruba and Niger Delta Unrest
Nigeria’s modern ethnic and regional movements are deeply rooted in history. British colonial rule united hundreds of diverse communities under a single administration but...
The £20 Policy After Biafra
The Nigerian Civil War ended on January 15, 1970, with Biafra’s surrender and the restoration of federal control over the secessionist territory. In the...
Why Nnamdi Kanu Still Resonates in Parts of the South East, and Why the Biafra Question Remains Unsettled
The story of Nnamdi Kanu cannot be told honestly without going back to the crisis that broke Nigeria’s First Republic and pushed the country...
What the Aburi Meeting Actually Agreed, and Why It Nearly Remade Nigeria
By the time Nigeria’s military leaders gathered at Aburi, Ghana, on January 4 and 5, 1967, the country was already deeply fractured. The January...
Gowon’s 12 States and the Biafra War, 1967 Explained
Nigeria’s civil war story is often told as though one moment triggered everything, the declaration of Biafra, the rush to battle, and a country...