Nigerian Civil War
The Biafran War (1967–1970), including causes, battles, leaders, international involvement, and post-war reconstruction in Nigeria.
Why “Tribalism” Did Not Cause the Nigerian Civil War
For decades, the Nigerian Civil War has been framed as a tribal conflict, an inevitable clash between Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo communities supposedly locked...
From Power to Prosecution, The 1999 Arraignment of Abacha’s Inner Circle
In October 1999, Lagos became the setting for a scene many Nigerians had doubted they would ever witness. Major Hamza al Mustapha, the former...
From Death Sentence to Amnesty, The Story of Isaac Adaka Boro
Nigeria’s modern Niger Delta struggle did not begin with the militancy of later decades. Long before oil politics dominated national debate, one young Ijaw...
3rd Marine Commando in the Nigerian Civil War
The Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) broke out following the secession of the Eastern Region as the Republic of Biafra. Federal forces under General Yakubu...
Olu Onagoruwa’s Heartbreaking Testimony at the Oputa Panel
From 1993 until Olu Onagoruwa’s death in 1998, Nigeria was under the military regime of General Sani Abacha, a period marked by severe suppression...
Colonel Conrad Dibia Nwawo’s Leadership
Colonel Conrad Dibia Nwawo was born in 1922 in Onicha‑Olona in present‑day Delta State. He joined the Nigerian Army in 1950, during a period...
Why Nigeria Recalled Its High Commissioner from Tanzania in 1968 After Biafra’s Recognition
In mid April 1968, Nigeria took a dramatic diplomatic step that sent a clear message across the African continent. Nigeria’s High Commissioner to Tanzania,...
From Federation to Fracture, The Political Crises That Drove Nigeria to the Biafran Secession
Nigeria’s first seven years of independence carried the promise of unity and self-rule, but they also carried unresolved tensions inherited from colonial rule and...
Armed Robbery and Capital Punishment in Nigeria’s Post‑Civil War Era
Following the end of the Nigerian Civil War in January 1970, the Federal Military Government faced rising armed robbery and violent crime, partly due...
Foreign Powers and the Nigerian Civil War, Interests, Influence, and Intervention
The Nigerian Civil War, fought between 1967 and 1970, emerged from political breakdown, regional distrust, and violence that followed Nigeria’s first years after independence....