Nigerian Civil War
The Biafran War (1967–1970), including causes, battles, leaders, international involvement, and post-war reconstruction in Nigeria.
Nigeria Descent into Conflict: The Complex Road to the Civil War (1967 to 1970)
The Nigerian Civil War stands as one of the most defining and painful chapters in the nation’s modern history. From 1967 to 1970, Nigeria...
Nigeria’s Supreme Military Council 1967
Following the January 1966 coup and the July 1966 counter‑coup, Nigeria entered a period of military rule, with Lieutenant Colonel Yakubu Gowon emerging as...
The Young Soldier of Biafra Through the Lens of Gilles Caron
The Nigerian Civil War, fought from 1967 to 1970, remains one of the most defining conflicts in Africa’s post-colonial history. Among the images that...
The Supreme Military Council and Nigeria on the Eve of the Civil War
The years following Nigeria’s independence in 1960 brought rapid political change and rising regional tensions. After the military coups of January and July 1966...
Domkat Bali’s Reflections and the Final Days of Mamman Vatsa
Major General Mamman Jiya Vatsa remains one of the most memorable figures in Nigeria’s history. Known for his distinguished military service and his respected...
The End of Biafra: Surrender, Aftermath and the Difficult Work of Renewal
The Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) devastated the country’s eastern provinces and left deep political and social scars across Nigeria. When the Republic of Biafra...